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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of broadcasting in Canada ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of broadcasting in Canada The active history of broadcasting in Canada begins in 1921, as Canadians were swept up in the radio craze and built radio sets to listen to American stations. Main themes in the history include the development of the engineering technology; the construction of stations and the building of networks; the widespread purchase and use of radio and television sets by the public; debates regarding state versus private ownership of stations; financing of the broadcast media through the government, license fees, and advertising; the changing content of the programming; the impact of the programming on Canadian identity; the media's influence on shaping audience responses to music, sports and politics; the role of the Québec government; Francophone versus Anglophone cultural tastes; the role of other ethnic groups and First Nations; fears of American cultural imperialism via the airwaves; and the impact of the Internet and smartphones on traditional broadcasting media.〔Robert Armstrong, ''Broadcasting Policy in Canada'' (2013)〕〔Marc Raboy, ''Missed Opportunities: The Story of Canada's Broadcasting Policy'' (1990) 〕 ==Early period== American stations could easily be received in the heavily populated parts of Canada. The first Canadian station was XWA, an experimental station from the Marconi Company in Montréal. It began its broadcasts in late 1919 and continued them during 1920. In November 1922, the station was assigned the call letters of CFCF—which stood for Canada's First.〔Mary Vipond, ''Listening In: The First Decade of Canadian Broadcasting 1922-1932.'' McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992.〕 In Toronto, the first radio station was operated by the ''Toronto Star'' newspaper. The station, CKCE, first used the transmitter and call letters of the Canadian Independent Telephone Company, and began some broadcasts in April 1922.〔"Star's Broadcasting Bridges the Sea of Air." Toronto Star, April 5, 1922, pp. 1-2.〕 These broadcasts were so well received that the Star pushed forward with its own studios and transmitting facilities, returning to the air as CFCA in late June 1922.〔"Broadcast Radio from New Plant in Star Office." Toronto Star, June 22, 1922, p. 1.〕 Meanwhile in Montreal, another newspaper, La Presse, put its own station, CKAC on the air in late September 1922. Because there were governmental limitations on radio frequencies back then, CKAC and CFCF alternated—one would broadcast one night, and the other would broadcast the night after that.〔(Canadian Communications Foundation History of CKAC Radio )〕 For a time, CKAC was broadcasting some programs in French, and some in English: in 1924, for example, the station rebroadcast fifteen Boston Bruins hockey games from station WBZ in Boston.〔"Ryan to Announce Hockey Games." Boston Herald, November 22, 1925, p. 21.〕 Meanwhile, in other Canadian provinces, 1922 was also the year for their first stations, including CJCE in Vancouver, and CQCA (which soon became CHCQ) in Calgary. At first the audience consisted largely of young men tinkering with crystal sets. They were powered with batteries, and earphones were required to listen so only one person at a time would be connected. In 1925 Edward Rogers invented a radio tube using AC current that immediately became a worldwide standard for much more powerful and easier-to-use radios. He set up the Rogers Majestic company to manufacture radios and established several broadcasting stations, including station 9RB (later CFRB, Toronto).〔"Edward Samuel Rogers" in (''Canadian Encyclopedia'' online )〕 By the late 1920s radio sets were easy to use and widely available. Although expensive, they opened up a much broader audience, attracting the middle class who could afford them, and also restaurants clubs and taverns, who wanted to attract customers. Even remote towns and localities could listen. A political problem arose: the U.S. stations dominated the airwaves and with a limited number of frequencies available for broadcasters to use; the American stations that seemed to get most of them. This was despite an agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce that a certain number of frequencies were reserved exclusively for Canadian signals. But if a U.S. station wanted one of those frequencies, the Department of Commerce seemed unwilling to stop it, much to the frustration of Canadian owners who wanted to put stations on the air. The Canadian government and the U.S. government began negotiations in late 1926, in hopes of finding a satisfactory solution.〔"Canada Radio Fans Fight Interference." Tampa (FL) Tribune, January 16, 1927, p. 12D.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of broadcasting in Canada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.